Last week we learned how Dr. Goldberger used observations, inferences, hypothesis, and the scientific method to solve the problem of Pellegra. This week we conducted our own investigation to test a new headache medicine.
We simulated a clinical trial using two kinds of pink medicine; one was the "new medicine" and the other was a placebo or "fake medicine". Half the class received the placebo or control and the other half received the new medicine being tested. The results of this clinical trial revealed 3 possible outcomes; the headache is not cured, the headaches is cured, or the headache is cured, but you suffer side effects. Use your lab report and histograms to help answer the questions below.
Key words
- Clinical Trial- a test performed on volunteers, typically to test medicines, before the products are made available to the public.
- Control- a standard used for comparison that is not changed throughout the experiment.
- Placebo- a control that simulates a medicine, but doesn't have the active ingredient.
- Sample Size- the amount of people or things being tested. Larger sample sizes give more accurate data.
- Trade-Off- something given up for something gained.
Respond to both A and B by Tuesday 9/14
A) I would like for you to reflect or summarize what we've learned from activity 3, Testing Medicines. Please include all 5 of the above key words into your comments. Your response should touch on the key themes highlighted above and should be at least a paragraph in length.
B) Use this link to investigate types of clinical trials being conducted at the University of Cincinnati. http://www.uc.edu/ucresearch/clinicaltrials.html Go to General information and click on "types of trials". Summarize what happens at each of the 3 phases in your comments
25 comments:
(A)...I have learned that even though they didnt get the medicen they were told that they had got it and they had thought they had felt better when they had got the pills. i have also learned that the plagra was caused by eating no vegitables and just corn like corn mush, corn bread and corn. so a scientist named dr.goldberger had discoverd that it was not germs bcause when they were around the people who had plagra that they didnt get the plagra. so he took a group of people from prison who had agreed to come forward to try the corn mixstures if they survived the corn mixture they got out of prison. so they ate weeks of the corn mixture and caught the plagra so now he knows why the people had caught the plagra and had cured them by giving them vegitables.
(B)...trial 1 when they first make a drug they have to test it on animals then humans and each time they give them higher doses of the pill. so if the people have a reaction to the drug it makes it more riskier than trial 2 and 3.If Phase 1 trial finds that the drug is safe for use in people than they can use it to cure what ever needs it. then they can study the side effects more carefully and to find out if it is find out if the drug has a good effect and continue testing its safety. trial 3 if the drug works then they can put it out on the market for people to use as long as it is ok for people to use and they wont get sick and die off of it.
Jaina Kloepfer, Core A.
a.)In activity 3, Tesating Medicines, we had a clinical trial to test the headache medicine. We learned that there has to be a placebo and a control to perform a clinical trial correctly. We also learned that if you have a bigger sample size then the conclusion will turn out more accurately. The medicine gave people some trade- offs, such as the headache was cured, but there were side effects.
b.)In phase 1, everyone in the trial get the drug that's being tested, people are also given different doses. Phase 1 is riskier than phase 2 and 3 because little is known about the drug. In phase 2 more people are given the drug to see if it works and to study the side- effect more carefully. In phase 3 even more poeople are given the drug and the researchers study rare side - effects.
Tyler follow test
A) This week in science we did a clinical trial with medicine. Some people got the control medicine and some people got the placebo. Some people got after effects from the medicine which is a tradeoff but everyone’s headaches went away. Our class was a sample size and then we added all of the other classes to make an even bigger sample size.
B) In trial one people all get the medicine but in different doses. In trial two more people get the medicine and they study the side effects. In trial three thousands of people get the medicine to see how well the medicine works.
A- A- In activity three, I learned about taking clinical trials. The whole class as the sample size of twenty five people had a head ace (the yellow liquid) to start with which was the control of the experiment. Then, half of the class took the medicine (pink liquid) with the active ingredient and the other half took the medicine without the ingredient which was called the placebo, so it didn’t work. There was a trade-off for the experiment. Half of the people got side effects of taking the medicine and the other half didn’t but everyone’s head aces went away. After that, we combined the data of all four of the classes to get more accurate data.
B- B- In phase one, a drug is tested on less than one hundred people after it has been tested on animals. It is mostly to see how it affects the body and how safe it is. In phase two, the drug continues to be tested on more people to see how well it works and so scientists can study the side effects more closely. In phase three, scientists see how well the drug works and looks for rare side effects.
A) In activity 3 I learned that in a clinicla trial some people are givin peceobo which is a fake medice to trick people. We also leanerd that the larger the group in the trial the better that is called sample size. We learned that a trade off is like you have a headach you take some medicne but your headach gos away but you get a side affect that is a trade off.
B)For the UC clinical they try to help with cancer and other diceasis and they also do a internatel trial.
A.) In activity 3, we learned what and how a clinical trial works. We all had two types of medicine, the yellow was the taste of a headache and the pink was the medicine. Each person got a sample size of the headache (the yellow drink) and a sample size of the medicine (the pink drink). We collected data from our class on who think the medicine helped, the medicine didn’t help, or the medicine helped with the headache but had side effects. Everybody got the same headache taste (the yellow drink) the control of our clinical trial but half the class got a fake medicine or placebo. We use a placebo in a clinical trial to make sure the medicine actually works. When we got our data we graphed all of our data from both the real medicine group and the placebo group. Three people from the placebo group said that the medicine worked for their headache but had a side effect. This means that when they took the medicine something else happened to them. This happens in a real clinical trial, when this happens it all depends on the number of people that said this happened too and what the side effect was. If the side effect was minor and this did not happen to many people then they will sell the medicine, but they will have a trade-off. A trade-off is something given up for something gained. The trade-off will be that when people take the medicine their headache will go away but they may get a minor side effect.
B.) In a clinical trial there are three phases. In phase one the medicine is just now being tested on people. This is the phase when the drug just got done being tested on animals and is being tested to see if it is safe for people. This is also the phase where they find out how much of the medicine to give to people so in this phase they use a little less than one hundred people and give people different doses of the medicine. Phase two is when they test and study the side effects more. If in phase one the testing goes smoothly then they will move on to phase two. This is the phase when they give people more of the medicine and study the side effects even more. If the side effects are minor and safe then they will keep testing the drug. In phase three hundreds, and sometimes thousands of people are given the drug to see if the drug works if there are side effects scientists will study the rare side effects which are only in a few people.
A) In activity 3, Testing Medicines we did a clinical trial. Our sample size was our class of about 26, then we did all of Mr. Watts classes, and that was also our sample size. We receive pink and yellow lemonade half of the class received a placebo. The yellow lemonade represented the flavor of the headache, and the pink was either the medicine or the control of the experiment. Some of our results are either the medicine cured the headache, nothing happened, or a side affect occurred. In the case of a side affect those people had a trade off. The trade off is, your headache might be cured but you could have an effective side affect.
B) In phase 1 they first start out with giving people the drug. People are given different amounts of the drug. They do this to figure out the different doses. The drug has not been tested on many people so very little know about it. This trial usually involves less than one hundred people. They do it those how people’s bodies react to it, or how safe it is. In phase 2 they give it to more people to see how safe it is, and they study the effects more closely and if it works. There are also high risks in this phase but along with benefits too. In phase 3 researchers look for the uncommon side effects, which only happen in a few people. Most drugs will go through all three phases before they are approved.
A.) What i have learned from the experment "testing medicines" is that doctor's and people who envent the medicine have Clinical Trials. A Clinical Trial is where people volenteer to test medicine's then make sure that the medicine is good and work's woth now bad side effects. There might be a trade off, the medicine might get rid of your headache; but then you might have really bad side effects. Like your toe nails falling off.
B is going to be on a different post.
-Courtney Sanchez.
Cece DiGiacomo
B) A Phase 1 trial is usually the first time a new drug is tested and it gives information on how safe it is, what the best dose is and sometimes ow it affects the body. It is riskier than Phase 1 or 2 trials because the drug has not been tested on many people bso there is not a lot they know about it. If a Phase 1 trial shows that the drug is safe, a Phase 2 trial will be given to more people to see if the drug works and study the side effects more carefully. If the Pase 2 rial shows that the drug works a Phase 3 trial is where they give the drug to thosands of people for a long period of time to see any rare long-term side effects. Most drugs go through all 3 phases before they are approved.
Sara King core B
A)What I have learned in activity 3 is that in order to have a clinical trial you should include a placebo, or fake medicine. What I have learned about a placebo is that it is basically the control of the activity because the treatment is not the control ,the placebo is to compare the results to see if the medicine is safe enough for a human(before a clinical trial medicines are tested on animals for safety reasons). During the activity one whole class was a sample size, or the amount of people or things being tested, and a the whole eighth grade for Mr. Watts science class was the larger sample size with more accurate data than the smaller sample size. In real clinical trials there are trade-offs that I have learned can be mild or severe, One trade-off is when you take the medicine in a clinical trial and you feel better from your condition but have sudden headaches the are called symptoms from the medicine so though you feel better you do have symptoms afterwards(maybe depending on the person).
B) In phase one is usually the first time the drugs are given to people right after being tested on animals. Phase one is when the drug has not been tested on very many people so when given to the people there is little known about the effects making it riskier than phase two and three. Phase one is usually used to test how safe a drug is and sometimes is directed towards the human body reacts to it. Phase two, if a drug is found to be safe when used on people it goes on to phase two. In phase two trials the drug is given to more people and monitored to see how the human body reacts to it and takes longer than phase one trials lasting from about a few months to a few years. In phase two trials there are still risks along with benefits. In phase three trials: After a phase two trial is done the medicine moves on the phase three, In phase three trials more people(maybe even thousands) take the medicine to see how they react to it over long periods of time. Sometimes phases can be combined and shown as phase one/phase two or phase two and three. For some drugs it speeds up the testing process. At times there may be a phase four trial where there is more to be tested and more data wanted on the risks of the medicine. In some studies there would be differing doses of the product to test how much and how little to offer to the patients. Some trials may be linked to disease, abnormality in a gene or genes.
A)In Activity 3 I learned what a Clinical trial is. A Clinical trial is a test performed on volunteers, typically to test medicines, before the products are made available to the public. I also learned what a placebo is and why we use it. A Placebo is a control that simulates a medicine, but doesn’t have the active ingredient. We use a Placebo to make sure that the medicine actually works as it is. The Control, which is a standard, used for comparison that is not changed throughout the experiment. Our Control in Activity 3 was the yellow drink which was the headache. We also used a Sample Size and a Sample Size is the amount of people or things being tested. Our Sample Sixe in this activity was our class and we also got a sample size of the headache (the yellow drink) and the Medicine (the pink drink). A trade-off is something given up for something gained and the trade- off in our activity was
B)Phase 1- In phase one it talks about if the drug is safe or not. Usually the first time a new drug is given to people is after tests are done in animals.
Phase 2- In phase two is talks about how more people are given the drug to see if it works and to study the side effects more carefully.
Phase 3- In phase three it talks about how many people are given the drug to see how well it works and also if there are problems when people take it for a long time. Researchers look for side effects, which are only in a few people.
Phase 4- Then the drug has gone through all the trials and then is put out to for marketing. The FDA may put information about the risks or better ways of administration.
In activity 3: Testing Medicines, we learned how in a clinical trial, there is two different groups, a control group, and a treatment group. The control group recieves placebo while the treatment group recieves the real medicine. In the clinical trial there is a sample size like in the Testing Medicines: A Clinical Trial expierement, there were 110 eighth graders tested, that number is called the sample size. We also learned about trade off. When we got the two drinks and we found out later on that it was bad, then we just expierienced a trade off.
A) In activity 3 testing medicines, I learned that whenever there is a clinical trial there is always a placebo and a control in order to get correct results in an experiment. We also learned that the bigger the sample size, the better the data will be. The medicine gave a few people some trade-offs though, for example their headache was gone but they got side effects.
B) A Phase 1 trial is the first time a new drug is given to people after tests are done in animals. This type of trial is done to see if a drug is safe for people to take. Phase one trials are riskier then phases 2 and 3 because they don’t know how the humans will react to a new thing that has only been tested on animals. Phase 1 trials usually study how safe a drug is, but they also look at how the drug affects the people’s body. Phase one studies how safe and how is affective the drug is on the human body, and they only last 2-3 months. Phase 2 is given to more people and they focus more on the side effects and how affective the drug is. This trial takes a few months to a few years. In this trial there are still risks along with benefits. Phase 3 trials the researchers study rare side effects. And thousands of people are given the drug.
A)In activity 3-testing the new medicines I learned that in a clinical trail there is a control group who doesn't get the real medicine they get a placebo to see if there mind is playing with them or if they know there still not feeling good. I also learned the larger the sample size the more data and evidence you will get so your more likely to know if the medicine works or not.
B)Phase 1 everyone is given it but at different doses. Phase 2 they study the side effects. Phase 3 they see how well it works.
A)In activity 3-testing the new medicines I learned that in a clinical trail there is a control group who doesn't get the real medicine they get a placebo to see if there mind is playing with them or if they know there still not feeling good. I also learned the larger the sample size the more data and evidence you will get so your more likely to know if the medicine works or not.
B)Phase 1 everyone is given it but at different doses. Phase 2 they study the side effects. Phase 3 they see how well it works.
Emily K Core B
A. We learned in Activity 3, Testing Medicines was a clinical trial using placebo or “fake medicine”. We also learned about sample size, the larger the sample size the better the results are.
B. A Phase 1 trial is when a new drug is tested on people after testing on animals. The trial is done to find out if the drug is safe for people to take. Everyone in a Phase 1 trial gets the drug and people are given different amounts. Phase 1 trials are short, less than 2 or 3 months long, and involves less than one hundred people. Phase 1 trials usually study how safe a drug is, but they may look at how the drug affects the body.
If a Phase 1 trial finds that the drug is safe for people, a Phase 2 trial will not be needed. In a Phase 2 trial more people are given the drug to see if it works and to study the side-effects more carefully. Phase 2 trials can last from a few months to a few years. There may be hundreds of people in a Phase 2 trial.
In Phase 3 trial, many people are given the drug to see how well it works and if it causes problems when people take it. Scientists look for side effects, which are only seen in a few people. Most drugs will go through all three phases before they are approved.
A)In activity 3-testing the new medicines I learned that in a clinical trail there is a control group who doesn't get the real medicine they get a placebo to see if there mind is playing with them or if they know there still not feeling good. I also learned the larger the sample size the more data and evidence you will get so your more likely to know if the medicine works or not.
B)Phase 1 everyone is given it but at different doses. Phase 2 they study the side effects. Phase 3 they see how well it works.
A. In the medical lab they showed that they had real medicne and fake medicine called a placebo that doesnt work but everyone thinks it works.
B. Some particepants in the clinical trials were given larger samples of the medicine than other to test side offects.
a) In activity 3, testing medicines we had a clinical trial. Half the class got a placebo and the other half got the real medicine but we did not know that when we got the sample size. Everyone got a sample size and the even groups got the real medicine. The medicine outcomes were: 1) it didn’t help u at all. 2) It cured you and there were no side effects. 3) or it cured you but you had side affect the side could be bad or good. We used a control to compare & to see if our minds were playing tricks on us.
b) In phase 1 trial it’s the first time it is given to people. It is a short experiment it usually last about 2-3 months. In phase 1 we see if the drug is safe and what are the side effects. If phase 1 is safe then they will go on to phase 2. In phase 2 they will test in on more people and study more about the side effects. If phase 2 shows that the drug is working good they will start to test it on a lot of people sometimes even thousand and this time they will test for a long time maybe even a year. The researchers look for rare side effects. Most drugs will go through all the 3 phases before it gets approved and if the decided it’s safe then they will sell it.
A) We have learned that people use Clinical Trials to test out medicine. They give them Sample sizes so they can see whether it works or not. They sometimes put placebos in the Clinical Trials. But most of the time they use the Control. The people that want their sickness to go away would make a trade off which is making the sickness go away but you could get the side effects.
A.In Activity 3 I learned that in a clinical trial some people are treated with a placebo which is a fake medicine. Something else i learned is that the larger the group in the trial, the more accurate data you get. This is called the sample size. We learned that a trade off is like when you have a toothache you take some medicine but your toothache doesn't hurt anymore but you get a side affect that is a trade off.
B)For the UC clinical they try to help with cancer and other diseases and they also do an international trial.
A) We learned that in a clinical Trial not everybody gets the medicine they get a pill called Placebo. The sample size is always control. People also have trade-off. They trade a sickness for healing.
B) In phase one, what happens is usually people will do the test once it is tested on animals. A drug in this phase has not been tested on many people. The trial is short and involves less than one hundred people. In phase two if the drug is safe in phase two, more people are given the drug and are to be studied for the side effects. Scientists try to find out if the drug has good effects and continues testing’s its safety. This trial is about from a few months to a few years. In phase three thousands are given the drug to see how well it works when people take it for a longer time. They look for rare side effects. Most drugs are approved after the third test when they no it’s completely safe
A) We have learned that people use Clinical Trials to test out medicine. They give them Sample sizes so they can see whether it works or not. They sometimes put placebos in the Clinical Trials. But most of the time they use the Control. The people that want their sickness to go away would make a trade off which is making the sickness go away but you could get the side effects. The people that didn’t get better had the placebo medicine which is the fake medicine.
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