Last week we learned how Dr. Goldberger used observations, inferences, hypothesis, and the scientific method to solve the problem of Pellegra. This week we conducted our own investigation to test a new headache medicine.
We simulated a clinical trial using two kinds of pink medicine; one was the "new medicine" and the other was a placebo or "fake medicine". Half the class received the placebo or control and the other half received the new medicine being tested. The results of this clinical trial revealed 3 possible outcomes; the headache is not cured, the headaches is cured, or the headache is cured, but you suffer side effects. Use your lab report and histograms to help answer the questions below.
Key words
- Clinical Trial- a test performed on volunteers, typically to test medicines, before the products are made available to the public.
- Control- a standard used for comparison that is not changed throughout the experiment.
- Placebo- a control that simulates a medicine, but doesn't have the active ingredient.
- Sample Size- the amount of people or things being tested. Larger sample sizes give more accurate data.
- Trade-Off- something given up for something gained.
Respond to both A and B by Tuesday 9/14
A) I would like for you to reflect or summarize what we've learned from activity 3, Testing Medicines. Please include all 5 of the above key words into your comments. Your response should touch on the key themes highlighted above and should be at least a paragraph in length.
B) Use this link to investigate types of clinical trials being conducted at the University of Cincinnati. http://www.uc.edu/ucresearch/clinicaltrials.html Go to General information and click on "types of trials". Summarize what happens at each of the 3 phases in your comments
23 comments:
A)In activity 3, we conducted a Clinical Trial to test a new headache medicine on the market. Half of the class got a Placebo and half of the class got the real medicine. We had a small Sample Size to test the medicine which was okay. We also had to control our data which is why we used a placebo. There is also a trade off because some people took the medicine and their headache got better but they had side effects.
B) In phase 1, you make sure the drug is safe before you give it to patients. These trials last a short time, about 2-3 months.
In Phase 2, you test to make sure the drug is safe. In this phase, reaserchers study the medicine and see if it works and they study side effects more closely. These last from a few months to a few years.
In Phase 3, reasearchers test the medicine on thousands of people. In this phase people are given the drug that works and they see if any side effects are happening to the patients.
Andrew H
Core A
A) I learned that if a hospital doesn't have enough of the medicine they will give a patiant a plecebo which is a fake medicine. I also learned that when someone volenteers to be a subject in a clinical trial they help test medicine. Something i also learned is that when someone is in a clinical trial they give them a sample size which is when someone gets something that they have to test. When a doctor gives someone a plecebo there is a trade off by giving someone a fake medicine and they think they got the real medicine. When someone used a controlled medicine they have to compare the new medicine with the original.
B) At phase 1 it is where a new prescription drug comes to the market for people to buy. At phase 2 scientits find out if the drug is safe or not safe to use on people and then they will give it to some people and study the side effects and what they cause. In phase 3 scientists will give the medicine to hundreds maybe even thousands of people to see how fast and how well the medicine works and what the side effects are.
A. During the tests wer have learned that a clinical trial is where people go in as volunteers and be tested for the medicine to see if it works. Also we learned during the lab that a placebo is a fake medicine, that doctors sometimes just use because the patients act like they feel better because it is just mental. Also the people who are given a placebo in trials are called the controls to see how they react.We laerned that there are many trade-offs to this like you could help scientist learn if you are in a trial but it could be painful.
B. Phase one is where the drug is tested to see how it works on animals and on humans its usally 2-3 months and less than 100 people.This phase is mainly used to see if the drug is safe. Phase to is to see if it is safe in people it can take a few months to a few years and has usally hundreds of people.Phase three is tested on thousands of people and is to see how many it works on and the rare side-effects. Also they see when to use it and like how much of it.
Caleb Cox Core A Mr. Watts
In activity 3 we learned how to preform clinical trials. We learned that you have to have a placebo and a control for the right clinical trial to work correctly. Also you need a large sample size because with a small sample size it is hard to have good evidence. You also have to have a trade-off to all of your evidence.
In phase one you make sure the drug is safe for the patients. It takes about 3 months.
In phase 2 you test the drug and study the side effects more closely. This could be a few months or even years.
In phase 3 you test the medicine on thousands of people. They also test to see if the drug causes side affects.
(Susan Moore core A.)
I learned that the Control group are the ones that take the placebo. I also learned that every medicine at an pharmacy has been under a clincal trail. Another thing I learned is that trade-off means that if you lose somthing you will also get something also if you do a clinacal trail it depends on the sample size for what the results are. The first phase to a clnical trail is to see of it is safe. The second phase is to see if it will work. The final phase is to see if it will work with many people.
Isaac Ma)We have learned many things aboutmedicine and clinical trials.Like with every medicine there are trade offs.In clinical trials doctors have a control group(people who are getting the real medicine),and a group who is getting fake medicine called placebo.If the sample size of the placebo group is to small hen they are switched to the controled group.If the controled group sample size is smaller than the placebo group then the medicine isnt sold to the public.
b)phase one is usually testd on animals first it is a drug test so it is the mort risky out of the 3 phases.It also is needed to figure out how much of the drug should be used,it is a very short trial.Phase 2 in this phase doctors try to find if it has a good effect on people and they test its safety.There are hundreds of people used in this phase it can last from a few months to a few years.Phase 3 in this pahse thousand of people are given the drug to see if it works.Researchers look for rare side effects,most drugs have to go trough all 3 phases before they are approved.
A- In activity 3 we learned many things. Such as we learned what a clinical trial was and how in a clinical trial they use two different products, a control and a placebo. we learned that a placebo is a fake medicine that is used to compare results to see if the medicine really does work. The control is the actual medicine.
B- Phase 1 is the trial that tests drugs for the very first time. These drugs are usually tested on animals so scientists can descover if they are safe for people. Phase 1 trials usually last a couple of months. Phase 2 trial alot of people are given the drug to test for the safety and side effects of the drug. Phase 2 trials may last a few months or even years. Phase 3 trials up to thousands of people are tested so that researchers can find rare side effects.
A.I have learned in this activity that to test a medicine, they do a clinical trial on a small sample size of people and increase the sample size to see how the medicine works. When they know the medicine is healthy they give people controls and placebos to see how people react to both. The trade-off for this is that the people receiving the medicine can help scientists learn more about the medicine but the people being tested could become very sick because it is not fully tested yet.
B. Phase 1: Phase 1 trials usually have less then 100 people being tested but is also the most dangerouse phase. During phase 1 trials, scientists try to figure out the best dose and to find if the drug is safe to people.
Phase 2: In a phase 2 trial, people are given the drug to test the scientists more carefully and if it is safe.
Phase 3: In a phase 3 trial, scientists look for long trem side effects. The also test this on different genders and different ages. If the medicine goes through phase,it is safe for people and can be taken by anyone with the sickness that the medicine can cure.
ANSWER A
In activity three I learned about testing mediance. The Docters call people and ask if they would like to take part in a clinical trial if they have the disease. When they get the pills or whatever they are taking some of them get a placebo witch is control when somthing dooesnt change. they get a saple size to get better data. Sometimes they have to do a tradeoff they might not get better but they could help scientist find a cure.
ANSWER B
In the first stage in the clinical trial they test the drug on animals first.Then they give it to humans. very little is known about the drug they are taking. It is usally only 2 to 3 months long. They make sure the drug is safe and what is does to the body. More people get the drug in phase two and the trial last for a year or logger. If it works the FDA will aprove and it will be sold.
A) I would like for you to reflect or summarize what we've learned from activity 3, Testing Medicines. Please include all 5 of the above key words into your comments. Your response should touch on the key themes highlighted above and should be at least a paragraph in length.
Awnser:
A)The Clinical Trial was that we tested two different types of lemonade and one of them was the medicine. We used control to see whice medicine worked better to sell. The placebo was the pink lemonade that tasted nasty, and it had no effect. It was a placebo. The sample size was small, but we took evidence to tell people about the right medicine. The larger sample sizes gives more information because its a larger amount of people to get evidence from more people, giving their opinion. The trade off would be to take the placebo and to suffer with the side effects.
A.) In activity 3, with the medicine we had a clinical trial to see if the medicine cured the headache or made it worse. In this activity we needed a control and a placebo. Our class also decided if we had a bigger class size that the sample size would come out more accuratly. The trade-off was that the headache was cured, but there was side effects.
B.) Phase 1 they give the drg too humans after being tested on animals, to see if humans can take it.
Cece DiGiacomo
A)This week in Activity 3 we had to perform a clinical trial for a new medicine. Half of our class got the placebo and half of us got the real medicine. The control group thought that our “medicine” was the real medicine so we all said that it tasted better because we expected it to be better. Our sample size was our whole class so it was a pretty good sample size but it was even better when we combined our results with the whole grade. The trade-off was that we got free lemonade as we tested its taste. We learned that evidence varies between each person in each class and all the data helps determine in the medicine was affective or not.
A)In the activity we used clinical trial when we drank the yellow medicine and then the pink medicine to see if it made us feel better or not.We used control when we drank both yellow and pink medicines.Placebo is when the medicine will do nothing for you but you are told it will so you make your body think it got that medicine.We were given a sample size if it was a bigger size it may have changed the data.We used a trade off when we had a headake and took the medicine.
B)Phase 1 is usually tested on animals first.I think it is more safe then testing it on humans first.Phase 2 is they try to find a drug safe for people.I think that is safe.Phase 3 shows that drugs work.
A) I learned that when you do a Clinical Trial you get a control and a real medicine. The control is a Placebo, which is fake medicine. They are given fake medicine so you can compare the results with the people who got the real medicine and see if it worked. You give them large Sample Sizes because then your evidence is stronger. Though whenever you test a new medicine there is always a Trade-Off because there might be side effects to the medicine which would cause problems.
B) Phase one, You make sure the drug is safe before you give it to the Patients. This Phase usaully lasts 2-3 months. Phase two, more people are given the drug to see if it works and they study the side-effects more. Phase three, Thousands of people are given the the drug to see how well it works, and they look for rare side effects.
A[I have learned that clinical trial is were people test the medicines with placebos. I have also learned that they use sample size to test the material, and that you should have a greater size for better evidence. I also learned that there is trade offs to a experiment. I have also learned in this experiment that when we used the pink and yellow medicines that the group that takes the drug is called a control. B[Phase one is where the drug is being tested and studied to see if its safe, witch makes it the riskiest phase of the 3. In Phase 2 more people are given the drug to see if the drug has a good affect. In phase 3 thousands of people are being given the drug for this type of trial to test and to see how well it works, and if it causes problems
Kylie M.
Core A
A)In activity 3 we did a Clinical Trial. The clinical trial that we did in class was testing a new kind of medicine. In this experiment there was a control group or placebo recieving the fake medicine. While the other group of people recieved the real medicine. The sample size that we tested was the entire class. The trade-off in this experiment was that the people who were sick and the trade-off was that after they took the medicine they became better.
B)Phase 1:The drug is given to people after it has been tested on animals. In this phase the drug is usually not tested on a big group of people. Phase 1 is the shortest of test it normaly only takes 2-3 months.
Phase 2: In this phase more people are given the medicine to be tested to see if it actualy works, and to make sure there are no side effects. The doctors make sure that it is being tested safely and has a good effect. In this phase trials can last to from a few months to a few years.
Phase 3: In this phase tons of people are being tested 1,000's. Most drugs go through all 3 phases before being approved.
Ryan can post!
A)in axctivity 3 we conducted a clinical trial to test new headache medicine on people to see if it made head aches go away. ! side of the class got the real medicine and the other half of the class got the placebo. We had a set of controled data which is why we had to use a placebo. There was a trade-off because some of the people that took the medicine and their head ache went away but there were also some side efffects added to that.
B) in phase 1 you have to make sure that the drug is safe before you give it to people. these trials usually take about a few months to do.
IN phase 2 researchers test the drug for more side effects. this takes about a few months to a year.
In phase 3 scientists test the drug on alot of people.
A. In Activity 3, we did a Clinical trial. Half the class got the real medicine and half the class got a placebo. The sample size was small.There is a trade off because the people who took the real medicine got side effects. We had to control our data which is why we used a placebo.
B.In phase 1, they make sure the medicine is safe before they give it to the patients.
In phase 2, they test to make sure the drug is safe, they study the side-effects more carefully, and this process could take a few moths to a few years.
In phase 3, they give the midicine to thousands of people, the are seeing if there are any side-effects.
In activity three we did A Clinical Trial to test a new headache medicine. Half took a Placebo and the other half took the real medicine. We had A small Sample Size. We had to use our Control Data for a placebo. There is a Trade-off.
B.) In phase one you test to make sure it's okay.
In phase two you
jake scott core a
activitity three we did a test on a headache medicine. soome of us got the real thing and some of us got the plecebo. our sample size wasnt very big.
phase 1, the people make sure the drug is safe for people. the trials might take 3 months.
phase 2, doctors study the medicine to see what the side effects are better.
phase three, they test the medicine on alot of people then when people get side effects the doctors study them.
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