This week we will be learning a little history about genetics and the father of genetics Gregor Mendel. We will also practice what we learned about how parents pass traits on to their offspring using punnet squares. Finally, you will be introduced to the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.
A. Read the article and use the link below to answer the following analysis questions in complete thoughts.
1. Why is Gregor Mendel considered the father of modern genetics?
2. How did Mendel describe dominant and recessive traits?
3. How did Mendel explain hybrid plants?
4. What are Alleles?
5. What traits did Mendel observe in tall versus short pea plants?
B. Use the following link to answer the following questions in complete thoughts. Then practice completing punnett squares until you can do 3 punnet squares perfectly!
1. Genes that control traits come in?
2. What are the two types of alleles?
3. Recessive alleles only show up if?
C. Watch the video (use the link) and answer the following questions in complete thoughts.
1. List the phases of the cell cycle.
2. Why do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus?
3. Why is it important for the chromosomes to separate before the cell divides?
10 comments:
Matthew Hurley
Core C
A.1. Gregor Mendel, was a monk in Austria who raised peas in the monastery gardens. While breeding his peas, he made some big discoveries. They were discoveries about genetics.
Mendel looked at each trait and learned how they were passed down to the offspring plants. Since plants breed using pollen, Mendel controlled which plants pollinated other plants. This was how he discovered many important genetic rules.
2. First he learned that some traits showed up more often and he called them dominant traits. The traits that showed up less often he called recessive traits. He discovered that if tall plants and short plants bred, they made a mixed or hybrid offspring plant.
3. Hybrid plants are different from dominant plants even if they looked the same. Each gene has two chances at a trait - two copies or alleles. So a hybrid plant could be carrying the allele for a recessive trait even if you can't see it. So, for example, a hybrid plant might be tall like its dominant parent, but it still could have an allele for shortness that you don't see.
4. An Allele is one of two or more forms of the DNA sequence of a particular gene.
5. When two tall hybrid plants breed, one in four of the offspring are short. This is a 3:1 ratio. Mendel saw this and it is still taught in basic genetics classes today.
B. 1. They come in through the DNA strand.
2. Dominant and Recessive alleles.
3. The recessive only shows up if there are 2 or more offsprings.
C.1. The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis).
2. So they can begin the cell cycle.
3. As the chromosomes move from the center they split up because then it could affect the DNA.
Rachel Reif, Core A
A:
* Gregor Mendel is considered the father of modern genetics becausehe was the first one to understand how DNA worked. Mendel was famous for working with pea plants.
* The peas had several traits he could see. Some plants were tall and some were short. Some had wrinkled pods and some had smooth pods. Some pods were green and some where yellow. The flowers were white or purple.
* He said that if a plant is tall, it can still have copies.
* Allleles are another word for copies.
*When two tall hybrid plants breed, one in four of the offspring are short.
B:
1. Genes that control traits are in pairs.
2. They are dominat and recessive.
3. Recessive alleles show up if there are no dominat alleles.
C:
1. The DNA is checked by the enzymes for mistakes and repaired.
2. They line up in the center of the nucleous because the fibers attach to centromeres on the chromosomes.
3. It is important for the chromosomes to seperate before they divide because when that happens, two nuclei form and that completes the cell.
Miranda and Mariah
a)
1. Gregor Mendel, was a monk in Austria who raised peas in the monastery gardens. While breeding his peas, he made some big discoveries. They were discoveries about genetics.
2. First he learned that some traits showed up more often and he called them dominant traits. The traits that showed up less often he called recessive traits.
3. He discovered that if tall plants and short plants bred, they made a mixed or hybrid offspring plant.
4. Each gene has two chances at a trait - two copies
5. When two tall hybrid plants breed, one in four of the offspring are short.
B)
1. pairs
2. Dominate and recessive
3. when there is no dominate allele
c)
1. G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase
2. during cell reproduction the "mother cell" makes a copy of chromosomes and then divides them evenly between two "daughter cells" so the chromosome pairs line up in the center of that division.
3. The reason why chromosomes (DNA) need to replicate themselves into 2 chromatides is because otherwise, the 2 daughter cells arising at mitosis will only have half the amount of DNA - and chances are that the cell would not be able to divide at all. In fact at metaphase chromosomes align on the mitotic plate, each chromatide being attached to one of the 2 kinetochores through the mitotic spindle.
If not all chromatides are attached to the spindle, a mechanism called "mitotic checkpoint" is installed, which blocks anaphase from taking place. Therefore the cell would arrest in mitosis until mitotic catastrophe (cellular death).
These copies of each chromosome have to be identical to the parental one to avoid spreading of mutations (both point mutations, and deletions/insertion)
Lydia Ackermann, Sara Keethler
Why is Gregor Mendel considered the father of modern genetics?
He is the one that discovered how genetics work.
2. How did Mendel describe dominant and recessive traits?
He noticed that some traits appear more that others and called them domonite traits. The traits that showed up less often he called them recessive traits.
3. How did Mendel explain hybrid plants?
If tall plants and short plants bred, they made a mixed or hybred offspring plant.
4. What are Alleles?
Two copies.
5. What traits did Mendel observe in tall versus short pea plants?
Plumped and wrinkled pod, round and wrinkled pea, green and yellow pea, and white and purple flower.
PART 2 !!!!!!!!
1. Genes that control traits come in?
All shapes and sizes.
2. What are the two types of alleles?
Domonite and Recessive.
3. Recessive alleles only show up if?
When there is no domonite allele present to present them.
C. Watch the video (use the link) and answer the following questions in complete thoughts.
1. List the phases of the cell cycle.
The cell grow larger (G1), the cell duplicates its DNA (S phase), DNA is checked by enzymes for mistakes and repaired (G2), cell division when ready (mitosis)
2. Why do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus?
It sends out the DNA
3. Why is it important for the chromosomes to separate before the cell divides?
To reproduce
Savanna Bachler and Maria Klumb
core C
A. Read the article and use the link below to answer the following analysis questions in complete thoughts.
1. Why is Gregor Mendel considered the father of modern genetics?
2. He discovered (with plants) that there are several traits and they have dominated and recessive traits, he learned that if he bred theses that it would create a hybrid.
3. How did Mendel describe dominant and recessive traits?
4. Dominate traits show up more and recessive traits show up less often.
3. How did Mendel explain hybrid plants?
What are Alleles?
Alleles are two copies or like chances at a trait.
5. What traits did Mendel observe in tall versus short pea plants?
Plump vs. wrinkled pods, round vs. wrinkled pea, green vs. yellow pea, white vs. purple flower.
B. Use the following link to answer the following questions in complete thoughts. Then practice completing punnett squares until you can do 3 punnet squares perfectly!
1. Genes that control traits come in?
They come in pairs.
2. What are the two types of alleles?
The two types of alleles are dominate and recessive.
3. Recessive alleles only show up if?
Recessive allele can only show up when there is no dominate trait present.
C. Watch the video (use the link) and answer the following questions in complete thoughts.
1. List the phases of the cell cycle.
The cell grows larger and it is called the G1 phase of a cells life. Then the cell duplicates its DNA. This is called the S phase of a cells life. The DNA is then cheeked by enzymes for mistakes and repairs. This is called G2 phase of a cells life. When ready cell division begins this is called mitosis of a cells life.
2. Why do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus?
So the fibers can attach to centromers on the chromosomes and pull them into a line in the middle of the nucleus.
3. Why is it important for the chromosomes to separate before the cell divides?
So that we can start out as a single cell and then divide again and again.
This week we will be learning a little history about genetics and the father of genetics Gregor Mendel. We will also practice what we learned about how parents pass traits on to their offspring using punnet squares. Finally, you will be introduced to the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis.
A. Read the article and use the link below to answer the following analysis questions in complete thoughts.
http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=22&detID=54
Why is Gregor Mendel considered the father of modern genetics?
He controlled which plants pollinated other plants
1. How did Mendel describe dominant and recessive traits?
He learned that some traits showed up more often and he called them dominant traits. The traits that showed up less often he called recessive traits.
2. How did Mendel explain hybrid plants?
They are different from dominant plants even if they look the same-each gene has two alleles.
3. What are Alleles?
An alternate form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a chromosome.
4. What traits did Mendel observe in tall versus short pea plants?
When two tall hybrids breed, one of the four are short
B. Use the following link to answer the following questions in complete thoughts. Then practice completing punnett squares until you can do 3 punnet squares perfectly!
http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/E09/E09.html
1. Genes that control traits come in?
They come in pairs.
2. What are the two types of alleles?
Dominant alleles and recessive alleles.
3. Recessive alleles only show up if?
Recessive alleles only show if there is another recessive trait
C. Watch the video (use the link) and answer the following questions in complete thoughts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6ucKWIIFmg
1. List the phases of the cell cycle.
1. Cell is not dividing 2. Cell is preparing itself for DNA synthesis. 3. DNA is replicated 4. Cell is growing 5. Mitosis: cell stops growing.
2. Why do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus?
They get ready to separate.
3. Why is it important for the chromosomes to separate before the cell divides?
There would be a huge mutation in the cell. The cell would have too many chromosomes.
Chis Adelhardt
Core C
A.
1. Gregor Mendel, is considered the father of modern genetics because while he grew peas in a monastery he made great genetic discoveries.
2. He found that some traits showed up more often and named them dominant the ones that showed up less he named recessive.
3. A hybrid plant could be carrying a recessive trait even if its not visible.
4. Another word for a gene.
5. Height, color, and color of flowers.
b.
1. They come in through DNA strand.
2. Dominant and recessive.
3. If the recessive trait is homozygous.
c.
1.
- The cell grows larger.
- The cell duplicates its DNA.
- The cell is then checked and repaired by enzymes.
- The cell divides.
2. So they can do the cell cycle.
3. If the chromosomes are not separate when they split it could cause DNA damage.
A.1.Gregor Mendel, was a monk in Austria who raised peas in the monastery gardens. While breeding his peas, he made some big discoveries. They were discoveries about genetics.
2. traits that showed up more often he called them dominant traits. traits that showed u less often he called recessive traits.
3. plants that are different from dominant plants even if they looked the same.
4. two copies.
5. Dominant trait.
B.1. They come in pairs.
2. IA and IB
3. if the organism is Homozygous.
C.1. G1 then S Phase then the G2 then finaly mitosis.
2. so it an make copies.
3. the 2 daughter cells arising at mitosis will only have half the amount of DNA.
Nick willis and joe anderson.
Ciara Sexton
Maddie Wilhoit
Core: C
A)
1. Gregor Mendel was a monk from Austria who raised peas in monastery gardens. When Mendel was breeding his peas, he made big discoveries about genetics. He looked at each of the traits and learned how they get passed down to the offspring plants. Since plants breed by using there pollen, he controlled which plants are pollenated together. By doing this, it is how he found out alot of important genetic rules.
2. Mendel learned that some traits will show up more then others will. He called those dominant traits. The traits that showed up less often he called recessive traits. He also found out that if you breed 2 different plants, it will create a hybrid or mixed plant.
3. A Hybrid plant is different from a Dominant plant. These plants can even look the same. Every gene has 2 chances at a trait or 2 allels. A Hybrid plant could carry the allel for a recessive trait.
4. An Allel is one of two or even more forms of DNA of a particular gene.
5. When 2 hybrid plants breed, there is a 3:1 ratio nthat the plant could be short.
B)
1. The genes that control traits come in through DNA strands.
2. Two types are dominant and recessive allels.
3. The recessive traits only show up if there is two or more offspring.
C)
1. The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: the G1 phase, the S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (known as interphase), and the M phase (mitosis).
2. The reason why the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus is so that the can begin the cell cycle.
3. It is important for the chromosomes to seperate before the cells divide is because if the chromosomes don't serperate if will affect the DNA.
A:
1. Was a monk in Austria who raised peas in the monastery gardens. he made some big discoveries. Some plants were tall and some were short. Some had wrinkled pods and some had smooth pods. Some pods were green and some where yellow. The flowers were white or purple.
2. Learned that some traits showed up more often and he called them dominant traits. The traits that showed up less often he called recessive traits.
3. Discovered that if tall plants and short plants bred, they made a mixed or hybrid offspring plant
4. Each gene has two chances at a trait two copies or alleles.
5. That if tall plants and short plants bred, they made a mixed or hybrid offspring plant.
B:
1. Dominant allele
2. Dominant and recessive
3. Recessive alleles are only expressed in the phenotype if the organism is homozygous
C:
A. it goes through the G1 phase of cell’s life, after Growth the cell then duplicates its DNA called S phase, its then checked for mistakes this is called the G2 phase, when it ready the cell reproduces and this is called mitosis.
B. Chromosomes line up in center so they can pull the fibers into a line in the middle.
C. if they didn't separate, the cell would not separate and divide.
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