A. I would like for you to reflect or summarize what we've learned from activities 1 (Save Fred) and 2 (The Pellegra Story). Please include 3 of the following key words into your comments: Hypothesis, scientific method, observation, inference, and trade-off. Your response should touch on the key themes highlighted above and should be at least a paragraph in length.
B. Dr. Joseph Goldberger & the war on Pellegra has a much deeper story than what we discussed in class. Please use the link below to add to your knowledge of this nutritional disease. Give 3 additional facts about how Dr. Goldberger solved this horrible disease.
24 comments:
A.) What I have learned from the past two activities we have done is how to make observations to help figure out an inference on what’s going on and to help you solve the activities or problems. I have learned from the ‘Save Fred’ problem we have been solving is how to make observations on the materials you are using in order to save Fred. For example how big the whole is in the gummy life saver and how fat ‘Fred’ or the gummy worm is in order to get Fred into the life saver to save him from drowning. I have learned from ‘The Pellagra Story’ activity that depending on which scientist is trying to figure out a specific problem they all use different scientific methods. Not all scientists use the same method to try to prove a point or figure out a problem. Like Dr. Goldberger actually took the disease off a person who had pellagra and put the disease on himself and still didn’t get the disease to prove his point that it was part of people’s diets, but I am sure that other scientists would have used other methods to prove their point.
B.) Dr. Goldberger experimented on eleven healthy prison workers and fed them only corn bread, corn mush and the poor people’s diet to prove to the people and experiment if pellagra was a diet based disease and his answers came in only five months when six of the eleven (more than half) started getting the pellagra rashes on their bodies. Also to prove his point and experiment to see if pellagra was a bacteria disease he took people’s blood who had pellagra and shot their blood into his and his assistant’s arm and neither one of them got pellagra. He also took scabs and sores of pellagra off people’s bodies and ate them and still did not get pellagra. He also rubbed people’s throats and noses who had pellagra and rubbed them to his own nose and throat and still didn’t get pellagra.
A: I have learned a lot in the two activities we have done so far. I now know how to make observations and inferences. In save fred I really learned a lot about observations and hypothisises. We had to observe the gummy worm (fred) and figure out how we were going to get in him into the livesaver. Which we had to make a hypothisis to test on how we would get fred in. We had to make several hypothesises in fact untill we got him into the life saver. I leared from the pellegra story that you have to observe things then test them to get your conclusion. Like Dr. Goldberger observed the people who had pellegra and then changed there diets and they all got better. So he proved a point that it was all about the diets just by observing and testing.
B: Three facts about pellegra that i didn't know were Dr. Goldberger found that small amount of dried brewer's yeast prevented the disease as effectivly and more cheaply then fresh lean meat, milk and vegetables. He also tested people with pellegra took blood swabs of saliva and pellgra rashes and out them all in himself to prove that it was not a contaigious disease and i was not. He also went to a prisoner place and took the workers that didn"t have pellegra and feed them bad food that the poor people ate and more than half of them got pellegra.
A.) In the activities I learned that every scientist has his own scientific methods. In Save Fred I made my own hypothesis by spreading the life saver open and shoving fred in the hole. An observation Dr. Goldenberg made was that the people who had a poor diet was getting pellegra.
B.) Pellegra was a desease that people had open blisters all over their body and with lack of sleep it would eventualy drive you insane.To prove it was not contagious he rubbed himself with the ozz of their blisters, ate people who had it's scabs, and put some of their blood in hisblood stream and still did not get pellegra.
In the Save Fred experiment you had to use a hypothesis to make a plan to get the life saver on to Fred’s body so that he wouldn’t die. In the pellagra story Dr. Goldberger made an observation that everyone poor had pellagra an also made an inference that it was the corn products that they were eating made them sick. Interesting facts about Dr. Goldberger is, he worked in the United States marine hospital; he immigrated from central Europe and was a Jewish doctor. Core 3
Molly O D) The many things I have learned through these two activities were refreshers for me. I learned better ways to make more successful observations and inferences on activities. From "save fred" I learned to take our hypothesis and make the experiment happen, (which was to get fred into the life saver) Me and my partner collaborated and took different scientific methods into
completing the activity. From Pellagra I learned that from what Dr. Goldgerber said it was caused by not having enough nutrients in your diet. The southern poor people only ate corn and things made from corn such as corn, corn mush, and corn bread. Dr. Goldberger first thought the disease could be caused by bacteria, but he traded off that idea, did many experiments ,and came to the conclusion that it was a disease caused by food. He went in a orphanage and did a test, and the test was to see if he added more nutricious food to the childrens diet, if they would get better and they recovered. Three ways he proved it was a disease caused by food, and not a disease caused by bacteria was number one: he shot pellegra victim's blood into his body to see if he got it (he did not) Two: He took scabs of Pellegra victim's and ate them to see if he would be infected (he did not) and Three: He rubbed noses and throat's with pellegra infected victims to see if he would get infected (he did not). This was obviously not a bacterial disease but no one wanted to believe it was caused by food. Unfortunately Dr. Goldberger died of cancer before people believed it.
A.) In activity 1 (Save Fred) we learned about hypothesis, how we used it in the activity is, if we stretched out the lifesaver then it would fit on the worm. Activity 2 we learned about the scientific method and how Dr. Goldberger used it to figure out what was causing people to get Pellegra and observation, Dr. Goldberger observed people who had Pellegra.
B.) Three facts Ididn't know about Pellegra is: During the 1920s, Goldberger continued research to identify what he called the "pellagra preventive factor." He learned that small amount of dried brewer's yeast prevented the disease as effectively and more cheaply than fresh, lean meat, milk, and vegetables. He also began laboratory experiments on dogs after learning that black tongue disease was the canine equivalent of pellagra. He traveled the Mississippi valley collecting statistical data on every aspect of Southern life for their epidemiological studies while delivering jeremiads against the system that left the poor too destitute to eat a healthy diet.
B) Pellagra was a terrible disease its was not contagious though Dr. Glodberger proved this by: 1. He injected blood into himself from people who had the pellagra. 2. he ate the scabs off people who had the pellagra. 3. He also rubbed sick people throat fluids on him and after all of this he still didn’t get pellagra. Dr. glodberger came to the idea that peole who had the pellagra got it from eating to much corn.
A.)I have learned many things throughout these two activities. I learned how to make oberservations, inferences and hypothesis. In save fred I learned a lot about how to make observations and hypothisis. We had to make a hypothisis on how we were going to get fred into the lifesaver and we had to make observations while we were doing the expeiriment on how we were going to be able to get fred in the lifesaver. I learned in the pallegra story that you have to make observations and inferences to come to the conclusions.
B.)Pallegra was a diseas that would give you open blisters that got infected all over your body and with with a lack of sleep will drive you insane. H did many things to prove it was not contagous such as injecting himself with victoms blood, eat their blister scabs, a nd rubbed himself with the victoms ooz.
Jonathon Deifel, Core 3
A.) I learned a lot from activities 1 and 2. In activity 1 I learned how to make a hypothesis and use the scientific method. You had to use a hypothesis to try to get Fred into the lifesaver and into the boat. You used the scientific method to help you guide yourself. In The Pellagra Story you used observations and inference. You used observations to tell how people got pellagra and you used inference to help get to a conclusion.
B.)During the 1920's Goldberger found out that small amount of dried brewer's yeast prevented the disease as effectively and more cheaply then fresh, lean meat, milk, and vegetables. Since nobody believed Dr. Goldberger he injected himslef with pellagrin's blood.Dr. Goldeberger never found out precisely what was missing from the diets of pellagrins.
A.) I learned from these activities that if you make an observation it help you make an inference and help you solve problem and activities. I learned from activity (save fred) that when you make a hypothesis it can help make the activity go smoother and quicker because you are more organized. I leared from the pellegra story that you have to observe things then test them to get your conclusion. Like Dr. Goldberger observed the people who had pellegra weren't eating very well so he changed there diets and they got better.
B.)Three facts about pellegra that I didn't know is that a small amount of brewer's yeast cured pellegra, I didn't know that the cause of pellegra was a lack of sufficient amount of vitamin B3, I also didn't know that foods that contained tryptophan and niacin could treat pellegra.
A)We had to observe the gummy worm and figure out how we were going to get in him into the livesaver. then we had to make a hypothisis to test on how we would get fred in the life saver.
B) Dr. Goldberger made an observation that everyone poor had pellagra an also made an inference that it was the corn products that they were eating made them sick and git pellagra.and some facts is that he put some of their blood in hisblood stream and still did not get pellegra.
A) For the activity "Save Fred" and "The Pellagra Story" we learned about Hypothesis and how you had to think about how to get the life saver on "Fred" so you could save him. You also had to use Observation to see what did and didn't work like in the
Pellagra story the Doctor had to test different way that could cause the Pellagra and then once you found a way that is a good explanation for it then you could make an inference.
B.)Dr.Goldberger tried his idea on healthy pioneers to try and prove his idea right, him and his accident took blood, scabs and several germs to prove his theory right. The president gave public relief to the people in the south.
A) For the activity "Save Fred" and "The Pellagra Story" we learned about Hypothesis and how you had to think about how to get the life saver on "Fred" so you could save him. You also had to use Observation to see what did and didn't work like in the
Pellagra story the Doctor had to test different way that could cause the Pellagra and then once you found a way that is a good explanation for it then you could make an inference.
B.)Dr.Goldberger tried his idea on healthy pioneers to try and prove his idea right, him and his accident took blood, scabs and several germs to prove his theory right. The president gave public relief to the people in the south.
A.) The activities of 'Save Fred' and 'The Pellegra Story' taught me in solving problems it is important to observe what is going on, to work together and form a hypothesis and test scientific method to find a solution to the problem.
B.) Three facts I didn't know about pellagra is that a small amount of dried brewer's yeast prevented the disease just as effectively as fresh, lean meat, milk, and vegetables. Another fact I didn't know was that he began laboratory experiments on dogs after learning that black tongue disease was the canine equivalent of pellagra. I also didn't know that he swallowed capsules containing scabs of those who had pellagra.
The objective of this project was to observe fred and develope a hypothisis from our observations. I learned how to tell the diffrence between an infrence and observation. We made a hypothisis from our observations and came up with a solution on how to save Fred.
Pellegra was 1st identified by spanish pesants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735, it was called 'Mal de la rosa' and was mistaken as leprosy. In the United States pellegra was known as the four D's -Dermatitis,diarrhea,dementia, and death. Between 1907 and 1940 aproximitly three million americians constricted pellegra, 100,000 died. I learned that Doctor Goldburg thought that first pellegra was caused by germs but was convinced otherwise later. He went to an orphanage full of children with pellegra and ordered better shipments of food, the children got better after an improved diet. Doctor Goldburg later went to a jail and constructed tests on helthy inmates, where they were put on a corn based diet, six of the eleven showed pellegra after the first five months. on april 26th 1916 he injected 5 cubic cm of a pellegrans blood into his arm, swabbed the secretition of a pellegrans nose and throat and rubbed it on his own nose and throat, and lastly swallowed capsuls of a pellegrans scabbes, and did not contract pellegra
(Tyler R, Core D)
A.What I have learned from activities 1 and 2 is that there is more than one scientifc method to solve problems. In activity 1 we had to plan out how we were going to save Fred, or create a hypothesis. The difference between observation and inference is that when you observe something you actually see or hear it and when you infer about something you assume what happens based on your observations. In the Pellegra Story, Dr. Goldberger tested different hypotheses to show people that Pellegra was not based from germs.
B. Three things I did not know about pellegra are that he took patients blood and put it into his own bloodstream, or that he thought pellegra was caused by a corn based diet, and that he began laboratory experiments on dogs after learning that black tongue disease was the canine form of pellegra
a. what i have learned is that in the last two lessons is how to make a observation, inference, and a hypothesis. in "save fred" i made the observation that fred was to big to go straight through the hole of the life savor. during "the pellagra story" we inferred that poor people did not have the money to buy good food with nutrients. in both lessons we learned how to make good hypothesis that we would be able to test
b. the idea that pellagra was caused by germs is still the medical theory but Dr. Joseph proved his idea of diet many times. most of the poverty was from Southern sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and mill workers,
and last is that he and others injected blood and ate scabs of infected people.
Core D
A)I have learned from activities 1and 2 is how to use and observation and create an inference. Also i learned that you shoud have a Hypothesis of what you think is gonna happen before you start and exseriment were we would use the scientific method.
B)Dr.Goldberger injected 5 cubic cm. of blood into his assisent Goerge Wheeler and himslef with 6 cubic cm. His wife also joined in.
They swabed noses and throats and put them in their own noses and throats. He also did exsperiments on dogs because they got the same disease but called it black tounge disease
A. What I have learned from the Pellagra and save Fred activities is how to make different observations to help figure out inferences on whats going on and how to solve problems. I learned that in save Fred that we need to make observations on the different materials we use to save
Fred.For example we needed to stretch out the gummy life saver to fit Fred into the life saver. I have learned from the pellagra story that depending on which scientists use the same method to prove or figure out a point. For example Dr.Goldberg to scabs, blood, and skin of of people with pellagra and put them in his body to prove that Pellagra was caused by bad diets and not germs and people still didn't believe him.
B.Dr. Goldberge experimented on eleven healthy prison workers and fed them only corn bread, corn mush and the poor people’s diet to prove to the people and experiment if pellagra was a diet based disease and his answers came in only five months when six of the eleven started getting the pellagra rashes on their bodies. Also to prove his point and experiment to see if pellagra was a bacteria disease he took people’s blood who had pellagra and shot their blood into his and his assistant’s arm and neither one of them got pellagra. He also took scabs and sores of pellagra off people’s bodies and ate them and still did not get pellagra. He also rubbed people’s throats and noses who had pellagra and rubbed them to his own nose and throat and still didn’t get pellagra. Dr. Goldberg also fed people a healthy diet and the Pellagra was cured. Still since people couldn't afford a healthy diet, people still believed Pellagra was caused by germs.
A. I have learned in the last two lessons about hypothesises, observations, and inferences. In Save Fred I observed that fred was too big to go into the lifesaver. In the Pellegra Story, Dr.Goldberger hypthesised that the pellegra was caused by an unhealthy diet. He tested his hypothesis by giving sick people good foods.
B. Three others facts about pellegra are: 1. Small ammounts of dried brewer's yeast prevented the disease as effective and cheaper than lean meat, milk, and vegtables. 2. The cause of pellegra was the lack of nicotinic acid, also known as B vitamin acid. 3. Dr. Goldberger died of hypernephroma a rare form of cancer.
A) I have learned a lot from the past 2 activities we have done (1. Save Fred and 2. The Pallegra Story.) In Save Fred, we made a hypothesis to try and figure out how to get fred in the life saver. We used the scientific method to save Fred. Using the scientific method, we made steps on how to get Fred into the life saver without touching him, the life saver, or the boat. From the Pallegra story, I have learned how to make correct observations, for example, Dr. Goldberger made observations on the people with pallegra to try and find the cure. He observed the diet, and switched their poor diet into a healthy diet, curing pallegra.
B)Dr. Golberger studied the diets of the people with pallegra, and found that they were very poor. They ate meals of corn, corn mush, corn bread, and plain corn. They didn't get enough nutrients, so Dr. Golberger switched their diets to foods with more nutrients such as, meat, fruits, and vegetables. He found that that helped to make the infected people better. Dr. Goldberger also changed the sheets and clothes of the infected people. He washed them on a daily basis, and saw that the people were getting healthier and better. Dr. Goldberger proved that pallegra was not a spreadeable disease. He did this by drawling the blood of the infected people and putting into himself, eating the scabs of the people with pallegra, and he rubbed the throats and noses of the infected and then rubbed his throat and nose, and did not recieve the disease. Though people did not believe him, and they still thought pallegra was a communicable diseas.
i learned how to make a hypthesis, observations and infrences. From save fred i learnd how to solve problems by thinking it through before
A. I learned that Pellagra was a nutrisous disease.Also I learned from saving fred that sometimes you will need more than one strategy. I learned key words like hypothesis, trade-off,inference, and others.
B. I also learned that he tested his theory on two orphans. Also two inmates who werent talked about. Finally he did the filthy party.
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